|
Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe.〔(Rural poverty in Moldova )〕 According to UN Development Program report 8.1% of the population was living below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day in 2000-2007 and 48.5% of the population was living below the national poverty line in 2000-2006.〔(Human Development Report 2009 P.177 )〕 As of 2009, Moldova's Human Poverty Index (HPI) is 5.9%.,〔(Human Development Report 2009 P.177 )〕 however significant improvement has been made and profits are rising. == Causes == There are numerous factors related to poverty in Moldova. * Lack of large-scale industrialization. * Huge population boom between 1920s until the mid 1980s. * Rural over-population led to lower bargaining power of labour. * Unproductive agriculture due to small farm size and low foodgrain yields. * Subsequent food insecurity. * Economic collapse during the transition to market economy. * The large share of agriculture sector in the GDP. * Trade barriers with neighbouring Ukraine. * Errors in social policy. * Lack of good educational infrastructure meant it could not bypass traditional industrialization and launch into the knowledge economy revolution like India or Turkey. * For the same reason as above, lack of white collar workforce that could seek work in more prosperous countries and send back remittances, as happened in the case of Hungary, Poland, and Estonia.〔(The Republic of Moldova National Human Development Report - 2006. pp. 58-59 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Poverty in Moldova」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|